challenge

• n. 挑战；怀疑
• vt. 向…挑战

词态变化

中文词源

来自PIE*kel, 欺骗，挑刺，词源同calumny, cavil.词义褒义化，由贬义的挑刺到褒义的挑战。

英文词源

challenge

challenge: [13] The original notion contained in challenge in English was of ‘accusation’. The word comes, via Old French chalenge or calenge, from Latin calumnia ‘false charge, deception’ (source of English calumny [15]). By the early 14th century, the modern, more neutral sense of ‘inviting to a contest’ had emerged, however, and before the end of the 17th century the word’s accusatory connotations had virtually died out.

Latin calumnia probably came from the verb calvī ‘deceive’. This may, via an unrecorded intermediary *calvilla, be related to Latin cavilla ‘raillery’, whose derived verb cavillārī was the source of English cavil [16].
=> calumny

challenge (n.)

early 14c., "something one can be accused of, a fault, blemish;" mid-14c., "false accusation, malicious charge; accusation of wrong-doing," also "act of laying claim" (to something), from Anglo-French chalenge, Old French chalonge "calumny, slander; demand, opposition," in legal use, "accusation, claim, dispute," from Anglo-French chalengier, Old French chalongier "to accuse, to dispute" (see challenge (v.)). Accusatory connotations died out 17c. Meanings "an objection" in law, etc.; "a calling to fight" are from mid-15c. Meaning "difficult task" is from 1954.

challenge (v.)

c. 1200, "to rebuke," from Old French chalongier "complain, protest; haggle, quibble," from Vulgar Latin calumniare "to accuse falsely," from Latin calumniari "to accuse falsely, misrepresent, slander," from calumnia "trickery" (see calumny).

From late 13c. as "to object to, take exception to;" c. 1300 as "to accuse," especially "to accuse falsely," also "to call to account;" late 14c. as "to call to fight." Also used in Middle English with sense "claim, take to oneself." Related: Challenged; challenging.

双语例句

1. They rose to the challenge of entertaining 80 school-children for an afternoon.

他们一个下午成功接待了80名学童。

来自柯林斯例句

2. Online gaming allows players from around the world to challenge each other.

网络游戏使得全球的玩家可以相互较量。

来自柯林斯例句

3. This challenge will occupy Europe for a generation or more.

这将是欧洲在未来二三十年或者更长的时间里所要面临的挑战。

来自柯林斯例句

4. The new Germany must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities.

一个崭新的德国必须迎接挑战，承担更多的责任。

来自柯林斯例句

5. He said he's game for a similar challenge next year.

他说他明年还愿意接受类似的挑战。

来自柯林斯例句